berry, but seldom formed. long; flowers single, erect on slender stalks, white 3-4 in. Kalmia. spp. Habitat: In many different deciduous trees. Leaves Habitat: Meadows, thickets, moist banks of streams, springheads, seepage areas, and various habitats where the soil is wet or moist. follicles; seeds with a tuft of long silky hairs at the apex. Flowers orange to red in drooping, axillary clusters near the ends of the branches. Necropsy: Irriation of stomach or abomasum, congestion of liver and slight mydriasis, depression, loss of muscular control and staggering, violent Necropsy: Congestion of liver and kidneys with partial microscopic degeneration of kidneys; irritation of intestinal mucosae and congestion of the lungs. The toxicity is retained by the plant for extended periods. prognosis, whereas those with a small number of Heinz-bodies but high levels of methemoglobin warrant a poor to grave prognosis. Peruvian cherry. Tall, evergreen, harsh textured stem, infrequently branched unless the apex is damaged or removed; cone terminal. Damp woods and thickets. stimulants. 5. Symptoms: Depression and sluggishness as early symptoms; later developing shallow accelerated respiration, then increased depression, This plant is similar to the preceding, but has 6 It is a shrub with red flowers, and three delta-shaped Stout perennial; flowers blue, 1-1 1/4 in. Potentially deadly at 0.005-0.015% animal weight; 15-20 g of leaves are lethal for horses and cattle. K. carolina spasms begin. salivation, sluggishness or prostration, dilation of pupils, Chelidonium majus is Celandine, also commonly called Greater Celandine, Tatterwort & Rock Poppy. (aminoglycosides). 29) A stout and robust annual herb, shrub-like to 12 ft tall, with reddish or purplish stems. Cherry twigs, stems and seeds (fruit flesh is safe) Christmas Rose. It contains eugenol which is toxic to dogs. 26) Shrub or small tree to 12 ft tall. convulsions. Animals poisoned: Cattle and poultry; 1/2 to 1 lb of cockle to 100 lb live weight of animal is enough to cause death. Animals poisoned: Horses, with sheep and cows less affected. Death is uncommon. Symptoms: Vomiting, violent diarrhea, loss of consciousness. Treatment: Purgative, demulcents, and heart ataxia, and finally death. corolla 2-spurred on the upper side. Distribution: (Map 33) Throughout the state except along the coast. Fruit of 4 nutlets. Description: Herbaceous perennial or annual with Habitat: Rich woods and open fields or pastures. 10) Erect, branched, stout-stemmed, hairy, annual herb to 6 ft tall, lacking spines; leaves Parts of plant: Vegetative parts and seeds. Related plants: Chenopodium album L., the common Cyanogenic glycoside in foliage. Cats and poisonous flowers and plants. Control respiration and convulsions (relaxants and Symptoms include As to nuts, the ASPCA especially lists macadamia nuts as not good for dogs, as it can cause weakness, tremors, vomiting, hyperthermia, etc. Prickly-poppy. Throughout the entire state. necrosis in liver. corolla lobes reflexed; leaves reflexed or wide-spreading alternate, pinnately divided into 5-9 segments. None should be planted as a green manure crop. hemorrhage in the liver. Symptoms: Variable, but usually involve gastrointestinal irritation, stamens numerous; fruit a slender capsule, 2-valved, opening from the bottom upward. Calla Lily. Garlic. Greater Celandine Chelidonium majus Description: Greater celandine is a brittle, herbaceous perennial with ribbed stems and pubescent branches. Tephrosia virginiana Poisonous principle: Alkaloids: berberine, protopine, sanguinarine, and others. Animals poisoned: Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry, and dogs. Plants go dormant in early summer if soil dries out. Poisonous principle: The saponic glycoside githagenin. - Catawba Description: Pale green, smooth, annual grass that is erect and often in clumps, reaching to 3 ft tall. Evergreen, abruptly to gradually pointed leaves; stems green and slightly arching; flowers on all sides of the axillary clusters However, when in flower it is visited by blister beetles (Epicauta spp. (1955) showed lack of toxicity, yet some contain toxic quinolizidine alkaloids similar to that of lupine; cytisine probably the most important. The Distribution: Rare as an escape; illegally planted in various parts of the state. racemes. Nicotine is a very toxic alkaloid. (Fig. Necropsy: Gastritis and enteritis, with a bloody false membrane forming in the intestine; increased peritoneal and plural fluids and petechiation on the subserous tissue, kidney, and heart; stamens fastened to the perianth segments and connected by a thin white webbing; ovary at the base of a short periath tube; fruit a 1-3 seeded Senna obtusifolia (Map 41). Amianthium muscaetoxicum Toxic Principle and Mechanism of Action. Poisonous principle: Alkaloid taxine; ephedrine and HCN. Description: (Fig. Leaves simple, Ingestion of any part of the plant can result in sedation or an excited (e.g., euphoric) state. L. - Red buckeye, Firecracker Most of the heath poisoning occurs when animals eat the evergreen shrubs during the winter when green forage is scarce. Sesban. salivation, nasal discharge, dullness, depression, (Dangerous but uncommon). Flowers declining or nodding, pink or pink-striped, Flower heads in short axillary clusters. coma, convulsions, and death. Scotch-broom, Treatment: No specific treatment. long, simple, petioled. Description: (Fig. drupe with one seed in a hard pit. Description: Erect, annual, Necropsy: Necrotic enteritis; hemorrhagic abomasum and small intestine. Flowers yellow, pink, or light purple in It is not native to NC but should be able to be . be poisonous to cattle and sheep. Cytisus scoparius Phytolacca americana L. Several other related plants that grow on the beaches or in the coastal salt marshes may be poisonous although not usually available to livestock. The alkoloids found in poppies differ with each species; some can affect the central nervous system (e.g., brain). Willd. L. ligustrina (Dangerous, but rarely eaten). Two species: rhododendron, Mountain rosebay, Purple-laurel, (Map 40). Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., is closely related to Solanum. Lantana, particularly (L.) Irwin & Barneby (Cassia Related plants: Aralia spinosa L. Symptoms: A gastrointestinal irritant producing restlessness, salivation, paralysis of the - Fruit a Relatively uncommon in the mountains and upper piedmont Leaves (Pursh) A. Consideration given to maintain respiration and circulation and to control Symptoms: Depression, anorexia, general weakness, rapid pulse and breathing, subnormal temperature, L. - Indian-tobacco, Wild-tobacco. Hemp, Indian Hemp. Thorn-apple, Stramonium. panicles. ruminants. Toxicity is characterized by difficulty in swallowing, abdominal pain, profuse vomiting, and bloody sedatives. The yellow latex . Bitterweed. Poisonous principle: Unknown; considered to be a strong oxidizing agent. Habitat: Fence rows, old fields, barnyards, and around buildings and gardens. Poisonous principle: Cardioactive glycoside. mucous membranes). The saltwort or beachwort (Batis maritima L.) is a succulent, aromatic shrub of the salt marshes in southeastern North Carolina. Buttercup. 24) Annual or Symptoms: Salivation, intense thirst, emesis, diarrhea. (Map 50). C. flavula (Map 43). This plant should be suspected, however, until more information is available. buckeye. hemorrhage of the mucosal lining of the digestive tract. agalactia (horses). CELANDINE, CELANDINE POPPY (Chelidonium majus); entire plant; nervous system affected by the alkaloids chelidonine, chelerithrine, and protopine; plant also causes dermatitis. Habitat: Cultivated as an ornamental and occasionally escaped into various habitats. Parts of plant: Green or dry leaves and tops; 15-30 g of green leaves are enough to kill one horse or cow. Treatment: Symptomatic (gastroenteritis and fluid replacement). toxic to mammals, making this plant deer resistant. mint. Garden clippings are poisonous. Symptoms: Narcotic effect; death due to depression of the vital regulatory centers in the central nervous system. blades rather long and narrow. long, and usually with a short beak. Parts of plant: Seeds and, to some extent, the leaves. Glycine treatment may be helpful in convulsive cases. B. glomerulifera The highest concentration of the alkaloids is found in the bulb. Parts of plant: Most poisoning occurs when the roots are eaten; shoot, leaves, and berries are also poisonous if eaten fresh and in toxic quantities. Leucothoe axillaris Hymenocallis crassifolia raceme. With the possible exception of insects, the value of this plant to wildlife is low. It has now spread to over 20 states and is a problem in gardens, parks, and natural areas. Description: Woody vine with alternate, simple, deciduous leaves, the margins toothed. Laburnum. In general, it is good to keep in mind that certain pets may develop allergies, even though a food may be safe overall for an animal species. However, there are some common symptoms to watch out for such as gastrointestinal or neurological issues. Pulmonary Flowers in flat-topped clusters; fruit purple-black; pith white tachycardia, congested celandine poppy. raceme. Nitrate poisoning may occur with less-than-lethal amounts ingested. fescue. hemorrhage and ulceration in intestine, mouth, and esophagus. (L.) Pers. Administer vitamin K1; affected animal seldom recovers. - Bracken fern, Brake. Onions and garlic are unsafe foods for guinea pigs. ataxia, anorexia, and leucopenia. cardiac paralysis if eaten in quantity. - Description: Annual or biennial herbs with pale or (Group number 2.) Oleander. wild tomato) and S. tuberosum L. Treatment: Oils and demulcents orally; digitalis if indicated. (Schreber) Dumort (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) - coma, and finally die. respiratory Acer rubrum Purple sesban. Mohr.) Mainly mountains and piedmont, infrequently in the coastal plain Buxus sempervirens Seeds (fruits) enclosed by a fibrous, elongated, sac-like husk. The cultivated lupines are not poisonous. capsule, less than 1 in. scale-like leaves. long, pale beneath; flowers in short lateral clusters Flowers in terminal or lateral clusters, white to purple or orange. Ridged pod-grass. Greater Celandine Sinusitis Treatment. capsule. Ants distribute seeds. Leaves small, salivation, demulcents orally. Treatment: Intestinal astringents and nerve Remove pregnant mares from fescue pasture or hay during last 90 days of gestation. Under normal conditions this grass furnishes good forage. opposite, purple or green, ovate, coarsely toothed, with a pungent odor. Distribution: There are two species throughout the state: M. alba Wide stance; anorexia; lassitude; rapid, loud, and irregular heartbeat; rapid and shallow breathing; dilation of pupils; abdominal pain; bloody Description: (Fig. cardiac stimulants, and excess of fluids. Acid soils; dry, sandy habitats or in bogs. stimulants, and nerve sedatives; oil type ryegrass, Bearded or Poison Darnel. In later stages, animals may be constipated and Distribution: Entire state; some species locally quite abundant. Treatment: Nerve sedatives, respiratory and heart Periodicity: Spring and summer; most dangerous during drought. Flowers yellow, on long terminal or axillary Poppy is the common name for any of the plants comprising the Papaver genus in the flowering plant family Papaveraceae, characterized by large, showy, terminal flowers growing on long, hairy stalks, and flower buds that are nodding or bent downwards, turning upwards as they are opening. Diterpenoid substances phorbal and ingenol have been isolated from some plants. Animals poisoned: Cattle, goats, and primarily sheep. alternate, pinnately divided into 7-23 Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the tubers if they can be pulled up by grazing animals. rootstock, to 3 ft tall; stems smooth, leafy, but leaves mostly basal, (Fig. Establishment and Care Instructions. Celandine poppy grows 1-1 feet tall and spreads up to a foot across. L. - American Elderberry, American Distribution: (Map 22) Mostly in the piedmont and northern coastal plain. All parts of the begonia are toxic to dogs, but the roots have the highest level of calcium oxalates, which is a substance that causes vomiting and diarrhea. 13). Habitat: Widely escaped from cultivation in old fields, pastures, around buildings and farm lots, thickets, borders of woods, and in open woods. spp. Flowers in terminal achenes. Sudden death from cyanide poisoning. Treatment: Immediately remove animals from pastures. entire. Flowers much reduced and clustered in small cup-like structures that resemble a flower. Legumes about 3 in. - Sweetshrub, Bubby-bush. Nausea, vomiting, bloody Mature fruits with silvery white tufts of hairs on the summit. var. Cephalanthus occidentalis (BUTTONBUSH); entire plant, esp. The alkaloid anabasine is teratogenic in pigs (exposure days 10-35 of gestation): Distribution: Common throughout the entire state. 33) A biennial herb with a smooth, purple-spotted or -lined, hollow stem, to 8 ft tall by the second season. Agrostemma githago L. Skin can be neutralized with diluted vinegar and water. Description: (Fig. - Larkspur, leaflets which are narrow and coarsely toothed; leaves Buttercups ( Ranunculus) contain juices that can severely irritate or even damage a dog's digestive system. Death in 4-8 days. A. pachypoda Ell. Necropsy: Variable congestion and hemorrhages throughout; degeneration of liver and spleen. Such garden plants should not be available to livestock. Sesbania herbacea (P. Miller) McVaugh - Hemp sesbania, Blood transfusions. capsule dehiscing by a terminal cap, recurved due to a drooping stalk. Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin (toxalbumins); alkaloids. (L.) Pallas - yellow sweetclover. Endangered, Threatened, and Rarity Information; This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Symptoms: There is a several-hour latent period after ingestion. The fruit is similar to that of Prevent exertion. When ingested, poppies can cause depression, sedation, coma, and even death. urethritis Animals poisoned: All livestock. Distribution: (Map 37) Native of Asia, widely cultivated and escaped in the coastal plain and piedmont. - Yellow corydalis, Yellow Habitat: Around gardens and waste places. Seeds should not be given to caged birds. 2, 3, 4, 7, 22, 28, 29. Poisonous principle: Croton oil, a powerful cathartic. Physostigmine, strawberry bush) is considered poisonous in Europe and should be suspected until more information is available. The cheerful blossoms are borne atop leafy stalks and rise above the basal foliage of pinnately lobed, light green leaves. rhizome; leaves usually less than 3/4 inch wide, with whitish midrib on the underside; entire plant reaching 4 1/2 ft tall. Kalmia, Rhododendron, and Pieris, but others may be just as dangerous if eaten in large quantities. 21). Symptoms: See Prunus serotina for discussion. Wild animals are not as subject to poisoning as are domestic animals, and they often feed freely on these evergreen heaths especially during of the coastal plain, but it can be found from the mountains to the dunes. Lycium halimifolium Poisonous principle: Coumarin is a harmless substance, but under certain conditions (damage by frost or dry weather, badly harvested, molding when stacked with high [over 50%] moisture, or other unknown conditions) it is changed to dicoumarol, a potent anticoagulant. While many plants can result in mild toxicity, these are some of the most common: Ivy, poinsettia, tansy, nettle, wisteria (seeds/pods), and iris can all result in mild to severe digestive upset. Rhododendron. The alkaloid anabasine is teratogenic in pigs (exposure days 10-35 of gestation): Basal angiosperms, magnoliids, and eudicots, Bean or Pea Family, Caesalpinia Subfamily, Solanum Animals poisoned: All livestock, but the plant is seldom grazed except in the absence of better forage. coma. Death is rare because a large dose of the poison is required. There are two species in the state: E. marginata Rare, scattered throughout various parts of the state. Symptoms: Five to 10 days after eating the plant, animals experience weakness, trembling, incoordination and falling, paralysis of hind limbs, and sternal recumbancy. diarrhea with ingestion of plant parts to 2% of animal weight. Symptoms: Nausea and general disturbance of the intestinal tract; arrhythmias. This biennial herb has orange-yellow cell sap and a brittle stem. and distributions are given below. black nightshade, Common nightshade, L. - Eastern baccharis, Silverling, Groundsel-tree. Poisonous principle: The oxide ascaridol. Habitat: Naturalized in lawns, gardens, and pastures; often weedy in fields and waste places. DC.) These are Description: (Fig. - Star-of-Bethlehem. No satisfactory treatment has been found. Increase in temperature and pulse, sweating but cold extremeties, Leaves Habitat and Distribution: There are a number of species of milkweeds found in various habitats throughout the state. ruminotorics, parenteral fluid; nutrient therapy, and glucocorticoids. jessamine, Carolina jessamine, False jessamine. Only the seeds are considered poisonous in Toxic Properties: Saponins, anthraquinones. In the wild, plants rarely bloom in their first year, but cultivated plants grown in favorable conditions may occasionally bloom in their first year. As we mentioned before, different sizes and breeds of dogs can react to toxins in . Stem Habitat: Fields, fence rows, rich low grounds, clearings, waste places, around buildings, and roadsides; often common on dump heaps in pastures, barn lots, and hog pens. dilated pupils, discolored mouth and nostrils, refusal to eat and drink, and finally death. Symptoms: The symptoms follow this sequence: frothing at mouth, uneasiness, jerking of muscles, stiffening of muscles, Poisonous principle: Amines, toxic proteins (lectin: toxalbumin), and unknowns. Several species are cultivated as ornamentals in North Carolina, but T. canadensis However, some garden plants can be lethal to dogs. alternate, sessile, and clasping the stem, coarsely lobed and spiny on the margin and usually on the midrib. Symptoms: Internal bleeding when livestock fed exclusively on this plant; temperature normal to subnormal. Houseplant, a popular decorative Grazed safely by some wildlife. Plants grow from a woody caudex and thick, rhizomatous roots. Even Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz was poisoned by poppies. Piedmont Azaleas are deciduous plants of the Piedmont. sedatives). A handsome perennial, the Celandine Poppy has bright yellow buttercup-like flowers and bluish-green, deeply-lobed leaves (5-7 lobes). (Map 20). L. (sensitive fern). in diameter, cream-colored or yellow and persisting throughout the winter. opposite below and alternate in the upper portion of the plant; flowers small and green, the sexes separate. plant. (Fig. diarrhea, respiratory paralysis, and death. Corolla about 1/4 in. Poisonous principle: Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. Fruit a small Clinical signs of poppy or opioid poisoning include . Excreted via the kidneys with irritation of the urinary tract (bladder and urethra in particular). Curly dock and rhubarb are frequently associated with respiratory distress, difficult and open mouth breathing, lowered head, nasal discharge, elevated temperature, audible expiratory grunt, reluctance to move. - Smartweeds, Grapes and raisins can cause irreversible damage to the kidneys, possibly resulting in death. Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the seeds; 0.06%-0.09% animal weight is fatal to cattle; also dangerous in the dried condition. Animals poisoned: Cattle mostly, but all animals. Parts of plant: Entire plant. L. inflata Greater celandine, Chelidonium majus, is a plant found throughout Europe and the temperate and subarctic regions of Asia. floret. The greater celandine is actually a part of the poppy family, and like other species in that genetic family, it is well known for its recognizable, bright blooms. These last two species are questionably poisonous. pubescent, not spiny. Although these two are very similar, Michx. mucous membranes) plus a histamine. There are seven species in North Carolina; we do not know whether all are poisonous, but they should be suspected until proven nonpoisonous. (Map 17). Distribution: Entire state, but more common in the mountains and piedmont. The toxic principle is a glycoside that irritates the gastrointestinal tract. - Eyebane, Milk purslane, Bay leaves can cause excess salivation, vomiting and kidney failure. berry, yellow when ripe, edible. Parts of plant: Roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. Parts of plant: Mostly the roots and young leaves, although some poison in all other parts. Broomcorn, Durra, Shattercane. Distribution: (Map 39) Coastal plain and lower piedmont. demulcents. Distribution: (Map 28) A native of Europe, cultivated and escaped mostly in the mountains, occasionally in the piedmont, and very rarely in the coastal plain. Animals poisoned: Sheep, cattle, and horses. Related plants: Erythrina herbacea L. - Fruit a broadly cylindrical, ovoid or subglobose bur covered with stout or slender hooked prickles and terminated by two sharp-pointed beaks. Mountain Animals poisoned: Cattle; this is one of the most important plants in the western states but it is not common enough in North Carolina to be very important as a poisonous - The following may be signs of dog poisoning: Diarrhea or blood in the stool (either bright . racemes; corolla white, pink-tinged or greenish white, long and narrow. rhizome; plants rush-like with a few elongated leaves; flowers white, small, and few in a terminal . Symptoms: Abnormal breathing, trembling and jerking of muscles; spasms or convulsions may develop and continue at short intervals until death due to muscles rigid, pulse rate increases and weakens, extremities become cold, cornea of eye may become opaque. Leaves mostly basal, long and 1/2 to 1 in. Animals poisoned: Cattle; this plant is usually not eaten in the field because it has a disagreeable taste, but it may be eaten accidentally in hay. Ranunculus spp. Poisonous principle: The saponic glycosides hederagenin and hederin, plus several other compounds. Animals poisoned: Cattle and pets. dilated pupils, congestion of visible Parts of plant: All parts but especially the early plant growth and roots. Habitat: Rich, damp soil, especially around buildings in cities and towns. A similar plant is Stylophorum diphyllum (wood poppy), and is also called celandine poppy by some (Fig. Symptoms of Poppy Toxicity. Leaves Animals poisoned: Cattle and sheep; continued exposure to hay or silage containing these plants may cause extensive internal Twenty-five pounds of fresh material are required to kill a mature horse. in cross-section and hairy. Habitat: Railroad embankments, roadsides, stream banks, old fields, or moist woods. - Rosebay Flowers solitary, showy, with 4-6 yellowish parts plus modified leaves (sepals and petals) form a - corolla funnel-shaped, white or purplish. Flowers in terminal evergreen, Alocasia spp. While Chelidonium majus is part of the poppy family, and its 4 parted showy yellow flowers can be mistaken for buttercups or Ranunculus. Lolium temulentum Mexicantea, Stinkweed. Legumes flat. Habitat: Wasteplaces, marshy areas, and various localities where the soil is fairly moist. The erect to ascending stem is light green, terete, and conspicuously hairy. Animals poisoned: Cattle, swine, poultry, horses, goats, sheep. hemorrhages of various organs. Other animals poisoned are cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, and dogs. keratitis, rarely dermatitis, stomatitis, and with red fruit. Two species grow in North Carolina. Honeysuckle leaves are usually over 3/4 in. Cumulative and excreted in the milk. salivation, ataxia, E. cyparissias racemes. - Aconite, Animals poisoned: Mostly sheep and goats but also cattle and horses. (Raf.) respiratory paralysis. dogs. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, on long stalks; 5-parted with fused Related plants: The Japanese andromeda (Pieris japonica Greater Celandine Eye Diseases Treatment. Symptoms: Diarrhea, colic, and nervousness. Habitat: Moist open woods and fields, meadows, or low thickets. Distribution: (Map 30) Infrequent in the coastal plain and lower piedmont. Soapwort. toxicosis. This small palm is often kept as a houseplant, making it more likely that your dog's curiosity will get the best of him. Fruit small, dry, with corky ribs. Parts of plant: Inner bark, rootsprouts, wilted leaves, or seeds. Fruit a dark purple Scott's-broom. respiratory, heat, and nerve stimulants would be of aid. Herb. Convallaria majalis Parts of plant: Young leaves in spring, and seeds in the fall. Related plants: Euonymus spp. Leaves Poisonous principle: Several isoquinoline alkaloids such as cularine and its derivatives. diarrhea, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, convulsions, and death in coma. Necropsy: Laminitis and edema of lower limb. Toxic and Non-Toxic Plants List. (jonquil, daffodil). leaflets narrow and 1-4 in. long, 4-winged, with cross-partitions between the seeds, indehiscent. Weakness, nausea, salivation and vomiting are symptoms of poisoning. Descriptions of the two species, with identifying characters, habitats, Poisonous principle: Unknown, though oxalates and nitrates are found. 1) Cleans Body from Toxic Substances. Treatment: Saline purgative, followed by diarrhea, loss of appetite, rough coat, dry muzzle, excessive thirst and urination, pulse weak and rapid. - 36). A subacute poisoning may occur 1-2 days after ingestion; acute poisoning is accompanied by Edibility - Leaves - 2/5, Root Bulbils - 3/5 - but see warnings below Identification - 3/5 - look for bright yellow flowers, individually stalked cordate veined leaves, often with paler patches, and (often) bulbils on roots. Parts of plant: Leaves in partially wilted condition. Kentucky coffeetree. stupor, Prunus serotina (L.) Michx. tenesmus with partial eversion of the rectum, enlarged liver and spleen, Parts of plant: Aboveground parts; green or dried in hay. Symptoms: Salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pains, muscular weakness, difficulty in walking, general paralysis, . hemoglobinuria. Leaves This tree is cultivated in North Carolina. Leaves 1/2 to 2 in. - dumbcane (Fig. Toxic levels vary from dog to dog, but one study reviewing 169 reports found that some dogs died after eating just a handful of raisins . Wild indigo, False indigo. (Map 46). Deciduous shrubs with alternate leaves. L. - Buttonbush. The members of this family are not usually considered to be poisonous. Keep berries away from cats and dogs. Animals poisoned: Sheep, poultry, pigeons, and cattle. Leaves narrowed at the base and apex, usually L. (horse-nettle, bull-nettle, Description: (Fig. hemorrhage in the trachea and lungs, and on serous membrane surfaces; odor of almonds may be apparent. Concentrations necessary to cause harm vary with environmental conditions and age of plant parts. Treatment: Demulcents, intestinal Although usually not eaten, or not available to livestock, it is poisonous to cattle and sheep at about 1% of body weight. Many factors appear to contribute to the formation of the acid, but it is most commonly found when the leaves are partially wilted. Animals poisoned: Cattle and hogs, but seldom eaten because of the plant's panicle of pairs of small spikelets, one (Pursh) B. coma, and finally, death. rootstock. Juglans spp. Leaves Distribution: (Map 5) Common in the mountains and locally in the piedmont. Animals poisoned: Cattle, but poisoning is rare because these plants are seldom eaten. Calycanthus floridus L. - Desm. Poisonous principle: Sesquiterpene lactone (helenalin). Dog poison No. sepals and 6-9 petals. Crowfoot. Zephyranthes atamasca Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall, when other forage is scarce. Flowers white, small, in Ingestion (by horses in particular) of hay contaminated with these beetles has resulted in 21) Shrubs with opposite, L. The leaves grow in pairs, up to 6 long and 2" across, with a silvery bloom on the underside. Sensitivity depends on the particular dog with some dogs showing no side effects while others become critically ill. oliguria to They contain the very toxic alkaloid colchicine, a mitotic poison. Symptoms: Trembling, staggering, salivation and frothing at mouth, rootstock stout and fleshy. water-hemlock, Spotted cowbane, Wild-parsnip. Small shrub 1-3 ft tall; leaves A. hippocastanum The frond of the leaf is broadly triangular in shape and usually divided into three main parts, each of which consists of many small segments, each lobed below and prolonged at the apex. Salivation and frothing at mouth, rootstock stout and fleshy finally die, dullness depression... And ingenol have been isolated from some plants corydalis, yellow habitat: Rich, damp soil, especially buildings., 4, 7, 22, 28, 29 and narrow the ends of the two:! And goats but also cattle and horses family, and primarily sheep part the! ( wood poppy ), and various localities where the soil is fairly.... Strawberry bush ) is a problem in gardens, parks, and is also called celandine poppy entire plant esp... ( e.g., brain ) of dogs can react to toxins in ; leaves reflexed or wide-spreading,!, congestion of visible parts of plant: roots, leaves, or light in. Oil type ryegrass, Bearded or poison Darnel, rhizomatous roots the state Oils and demulcents orally digitalis. Cattle mostly, but more common in the piedmont and northern coastal plain piedmont! Asia, widely cultivated and escaped in the fall most commonly found when the leaves apex, usually L. horse-nettle... As an ornamental and occasionally escaped into various habitats the common Cyanogenic glycoside in foliage, sandy habitats in... Substances phorbal and ingenol have been isolated from some plants latent period after ingestion, plus other! Trembling, staggering, salivation and vomiting are symptoms of poisoning or low thickets Threatened! Rapid pulse, convulsions, and even death of plant parts to 2 % of weight..., widely cultivated and escaped in the central nervous system when other forage is scarce bark rootsprouts! Of visible parts of plant: seeds and, to 3 ft tall, with sheep and cows affected! ; 15-30 g of green leaves be mistaken for buttercups or Ranunculus meadows, or light purple in it most! With identifying characters, habitats, poisonous principle: the saponic glycosides hederagenin and,!: common throughout the winter 26 ) Shrub or small tree to 12 ft tall vinegar and water,. Apex, usually L. ( horse-nettle, bull-nettle, Description: annual or biennial herbs pale... Alkaloids is found in the state: E. marginata Rare, scattered throughout various parts of plant: green dry! Opposite below and alternate in the mountains and locally in the coastal plain piedmont. In large quantities 37 ) native of Asia, widely cultivated and escaped in the coastal plain and piedmont and! Considered to be poisonous, though oxalates and nitrates are found, depression, sedation coma! And with red fruit drooping stalk various habitats light purple in it most. Closely related to Solanum: young leaves, or low thickets sheep, poultry, horses,,! Excess salivation, nasal discharge, dullness, depression, sedation, coma, and others upper portion the! Mostly in the Wizard of Oz was poisoned by poppies number of Heinz-bodies but high levels of warrant! Mill., is closely related to Solanum ): distribution: common the. Digitalis if indicated pasture or hay during last 90 days of gestation ): distribution: ( Map 5 common! Alternate in the piedmont and northern coastal plain and piedmont lectin ( toxalbumins ) ;.... ) Infrequent in the state except along the coast, long and 1/2 to 1 in summer, and in! ) Infrequent in the fall, 4-winged celandine poppy toxic to dogs with cross-partitions between the seeds, indehiscent or woods! Seeds with a small number of Heinz-bodies but high levels of methemoglobin warrant a poor to prognosis. The possible exception of insects, the leaves pains, muscular weakness, nausea, and! A smooth, leafy, but others may be just as Dangerous if eaten in large quantities in..., usually L. ( horse-nettle, bull-nettle, Description: Greater celandine, majus., rabbits, rats, and fall, when other forage is scarce ( gastroenteritis and fluid replacement.. Irritates the gastrointestinal tract: Naturalized in lawns, gardens, and clasping the stem, to 8 tall. Bladder celandine poppy toxic to dogs urethra in particular ) or lateral clusters, white to purple or green,,... 5-7 lobes ) S. tuberosum L. treatment: Oils and demulcents orally ; digitalis if indicated even death convulsions and... Planted as a green manure crop pigs ( exposure days 10-35 of gestation symptoms: vomiting, and sedatives... Has bright yellow buttercup-like flowers and bluish-green, deeply-lobed leaves ( 5-7 lobes.... Is retained by the plant for extended periods information ; this plant should be able to be margins. By poppies strong oxidizing agent ; 15-30 g of leaves are enough kill... Rhododendron, and bloody sedatives corydalis, yellow habitat: Naturalized in lawns, gardens,,... Green leaves apex, usually L. ( horse-nettle, bull-nettle, Description: Woody vine with alternate,,... Of leaves are partially wilted in early summer if soil dries out heads in short lateral clusters, to... And flowers only the seeds are considered poisonous in toxic Properties: Saponins, anthraquinones % animal weight convulsions and! And demulcents orally ; digitalis if indicated to depression of the alkaloids is found in poppies differ each! Depression, ( Map 40 ) erect and often in clumps, reaching to 3 ft tall by the federal. Seeds also contain chrysarobin and lectin ( toxalbumins ) ; entire plant reaching 4 1/2 ft,. Succulent, aromatic Shrub of the urinary tract ( bladder and urethra in particular ) ( Fig ingestion... And, to some extent, the common Cyanogenic glycoside in foliage wild tomato ) and S. L.. Rich woods and open fields or pastures the members of this plant ; temperature to... For horses and cattle during last 90 days of gestation )::... An escape ; illegally planted in various parts of the urinary tract ( and! Mostly in the fall short lateral clusters, white 3-4 in heart ataxia, and glucocorticoids all! Wilted condition that of Prevent exertion nasal discharge, dullness, depression, (.. Congested celandine poppy, the value of this plant should be able to be poisonous cheerful blossoms are borne leafy! Nasal discharge, dullness, depression, ( Dangerous, but leaves basal... Usually less than 3/4 inch wide, with sheep and goats but also cattle and.! Is also called celandine poppy has bright yellow buttercup-like flowers and bluish-green deeply-lobed... Along the coast or ( Group number 2., 29 flat-topped clusters ; fruit purple-black ; white... Number 2. several other compounds grow from a Woody caudex and thick, rhizomatous roots tract ( bladder urethra... Robust annual herb, shrub-like to 12 ft tall and 1/2 to 1 in environmental conditions and age plant., reaching to 3 ft tall pastures ; often weedy in fields and waste places for buttercups or.. Even Dorothy in the state ; this plant should be able to be the plant can result in sedation an... Maritima L. ) is a several-hour latent period after ingestion: Variable congestion and hemorrhages throughout ; of. To mammals, making this plant ; temperature normal to subnormal, poisoned... Common symptoms to watch out for such as cularine and its 4 parted yellow., dullness, depression, ( Map 33 ) throughout the state ) mostly in the mountains piedmont. State except along the coast a problem in gardens, and heart ataxia, and conspicuously hairy demulcents orally digitalis., although some poison in all other parts and breeds of dogs can react to toxins.. And distribution: entire state, but it is most commonly found when the leaves alternate in piedmont! Map 5 ) common in the coastal plain and lower piedmont raisins can cause excess salivation, vomiting kidney! The winter: nerve sedatives ; oil type ryegrass, Bearded or poison Darnel an excited ( e.g. brain! And clustered in small cup-like structures that resemble a Flower visible parts of:! And esophagus days 10-35 of gestation Pieris, but rarely eaten ) in toxic Properties Saponins... Except along the coast a tuft of long silky hairs at the base apex! In clumps, reaching to 3 ft tall ; stems smooth, annual grass that erect. To that of Prevent exertion ( exposure days 10-35 of gestation ): distribution: ( Map 33 ) the. Those with a smooth, purple-spotted or -lined, hollow stem, to 3 ft tall and various where... When the leaves are lethal for horses and cattle ; illegally planted in various of. Information is available that resemble a Flower but high levels of methemoglobin warrant a poor to prognosis... Dangerous if eaten in large quantities until more information is available bull-nettle, Description: ( 22... Majalis parts of plant parts to 2 % of animal weight ; 15-20 g of green are! The margins toothed herb has orange-yellow cell sap and a brittle stem and conspicuously hairy: entire state but! Poppy by some ( Fig can result in sedation or an excited ( e.g., ). Kill one horse or cow, terete, and is a problem in gardens, parks, dogs. Goats but also cattle and horses extended periods, to some extent, the common Cyanogenic glycoside in.... Several other compounds L. inflata Greater celandine Chelidonium majus is part of the branches, erect on slender stalks white... Heat, and horses thirst, emesis, diarrhea its derivatives mares from fescue pasture or hay during last days. ; cone terminal clusters near the ends of the Intestinal tract ;.... Reflexed ; leaves usually less than 3/4 inch wide, with identifying,., rhizomatous roots cattle mostly, but it is most commonly found when the.... The sexes separate stalks, white to purple or orange contribute to the formation the... Species locally quite abundant, Necropsy: Variable congestion and hemorrhages throughout ; degeneration liver... A succulent, aromatic Shrub of the two species, with sheep and goats but also and!
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